解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::When the same set of individuals are placed in different social contexts, some groups members often experience a change in dominance status. We examined the context-dependence of social status using a group fusion protocol in male green swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri). Six individuals were matched for size and se...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.07.001
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most primates live in social groups which survival and stability depend on individuals' abilities to create strong social relationships with other group members. The existence of those groups requires to identify individuals and to assign to each of them a social status. Individual recognition can be achieved through ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.04.006
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gunnison's prairie dogs have a complex alarm communication system. We show that the escape responses of prairie dogs to naturally occurring live predators differed depending upon the species of predator. We also show that playbacks of alarm calls that were elicited originally by the live predators produced the same es...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.01.015
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioural analysis of human-robot interactions can help in developing socially interactive robots. The current study analyzes human-robot interaction with Theme software and the corresponding pattern detection algorithm. The method is based on the analysis of the temporal structure of the interactions by detecti...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.04.001
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, human subjects were asked to estimate their present values of single delayed rewards and their present values of temporal sequences of three rewards. Present values were solicited by asking subjects to indicate an amount of money v for which they would be indifferent between receiving v at the end ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.03.011
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two distinct conceptualisations of processing mechanisms have been proposed in the research on the perception of temporal order, one that assumes a central-timing mechanism that is involved in the detection of temporal order independent of modality and stimulus type, another one assuming feature-specific mechanisms th...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.12.007
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Previous data suggest that in a peak-interval procedure with gaps, memory for the pre-gap interval varies with the discriminability of the gap from the to-be-timed signal. Here we extend this finding by manipulating the pre-gap and gap intervals as well as the visual contrast between the gap and the to-be-timed signal...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.10.006
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated in 5- and 8-year-olds, as well as in adults, the effect of verbal counting on temporal discrimination behavior in a generalization task with two duration ranges in order to test the scalar timing property. The results showed that counting improved temporal sensitivity in all age groups, ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.08.007
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained in a matching-to-duration task using short and long filled intervals. Group 2/8 was trained with 2- and 8-s intervals, Group 4/10 with 4- and 10-s intervals, and group marker with 2- and 8-s intervals presented between 1-s start and stop markers. Extended-delay testing showed no significant choose...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.06.008
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::In experiment 1, rats were trained in a within-subjects design to discriminate durations of a filled interval, and durations of an empty interval (an unfilled interval marked at the beginning and end by a 500 ms tone). Training and psychophysical testing was conducted with three sets of anchor durations. Rats made mor...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.009
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of d-amphetamine on pigeons' key-pecking under the peak interval (PI) procedure were investigated in two experiments. In experiment I the effects of doses of d-amphetamine from 0.75 to 3.0 mg/kg on responding under PI 30 and 45 s were studied for 10 successive days. Reductions in peak time and wait time we...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.12.005
更新日期:2006-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of tail-pinch stress interpolated between the saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) and the illness-inducing unconditioned stimulus (US) during long-trace taste-aversion conditioning was examined in young- and old adult rats with a two-cylinder (saccharin versus water) test. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial ANOVA was pe...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.09.001
更新日期:2006-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Species recognition is essential for efficient communication between conspecifics. For this to occur, species information must be unambiguously encoded in the repertoire of each species' vocalizations. Until now, the study of species recognition in songbirds has been focused mainly on male songs and male territorial b...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.07.007
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the polymorphic harvester ant Messor barbarus, the colony modulates response during foraging according to seed characteristics. The easiness of picking up small seeds (oat fragments or canary seeds) shortens the time lapse between food discovery and the return of scouts to the nest, favouring the onset of recruitme...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.08.001
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that rats tend to eat a smaller/lighter piece of food at the food source but carry a larger/heavier one to the nest for consumption. This could be interpreted well in terms of the trade-off or motivational conflict between "feeding" and "risk avoidance", because eating food immediately satisfies feeding mo...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.028
更新日期:2005-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated whether rats' rates of licking or pressing a lever for 1% liquid sucrose delivered by a continuous reinforcement schedule would decrease (contrast) or increase (induction) when the upcoming period would allow access to 32% sucrose and whether such changes would be influenced by how long ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.04.008
更新日期:2005-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Animals foraging in heterogeneous environments benefit from information on local resource density because it allows allocation of foraging effort to rich patches. In foraging groups, this information may be obtained by individuals through sampling or by observing the foraging behaviour of group members. We studied the...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.04.003
更新日期:2005-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to rehearse possible future courses of action in the mind is an important feature of advanced social cognition in humans, and the "social brain" hypothesis implies that it might also be a feature of primate social cognition. We tested two chimpanzees, six orangutans and 63 children aged 3-7 years on a set ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.01.009
更新日期:2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::In this otherwise insightful line of investigation, some aspects of rules of thumb (RoT) remain underspecified: their evolution and function, how they are selected for a task, how they are learned, and the dependence of their apparent simplicity on their embodiment and context. Theories of operant and respondent condi...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.015
更新日期:2005-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Some models of performance assume that behavior depends on environmental quantities (for example, rates of reinforcement) that are defined over intervals of fixed duration. Although such window models may serve as useful approximations, they are incompatible with well-known properties of behavior (for instance, sensit...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.007
更新日期:2005-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas many non-human species have been demonstrated to visually complete partly occluded figures, pigeons have been repeatedly failed to do so. We asked whether this failure reflected the pigeons' lack of perceptual process for completion or their decision among completed and non-completed figures. Four pigeons sear...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.01.003
更新日期:2005-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen Göttingen minipigs were trained on two different visually guided conditional associative tasks. In a spatial conditional task, a black stimulus signalled that a response to the left was correct, and a white stimulus signalled that a response to the right was correct. In a conditional go/no-go task, a blue sti...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.11.002
更新日期:2005-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Although animals typically prefer to exert less effort rather than more effort to obtain food, the present research shows that requiring greater effort to obtain food at a particular location appears to increase the value of that location. In Experiment 1, pigeons' initial preference for one feeder was significantly r...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.07.001
更新日期:2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Lateralisation, the different use of one or other side or appendix of the body, is basically determined by brain asymmetry which, in turn, is likely to be due to adaptive reasons. Several studies have been carried out on birds in general. However, birds of prey in particular, although they are very good candidates, ha...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.08.008
更新日期:2004-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of environment on the maturation of sand digging behaviour in cuttlefish was studied. Sand digging behaviour of cuttlefish individually reared on sand was daily observed in their rearing tanks (first study). Other cuttlefish were individually reared from hatching to 2 weeks of life in different conditions (...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.04.006
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The serial order in which events occur can be a signal for different outcomes and therefore might be a determinant of how an animal should respond. In this report, we propose a novel design for studying serial order learning in Pavlovian conditioning. In both Experiments 1a and 1b, hungry rats were trained with succes...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.05.003
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Poor physical abilities of broilers may prevent them from performing behaviours for which they are motivated. The aim of this study was to measure the influence of physical ability and motivation on the performance of broilers in short physical tasks. We tested birds from a fast- and a slow-growing broiler strain in a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.015
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::A biobehavioural analysis of activity anorexia suggests that the motivation for physical activity is regulated by food supply and body weight. In the present experiment, food allocation was varied within subjects by prefeeding food-deprived rats 0, 5, 10 and 15 g of food before sessions of lever pressing for wheel-run...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.013
更新日期:2004-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::We investigate models for animal feeding behaviour, with the aim of improving understanding of how animals organise their behaviour in the short term. We consider three classes of model: hidden Markov, latent Gaussian and semi-Markov. Each can predict the typical 'clustered' feeding behaviour that is generally observe...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.014
更新日期:2004-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::Research on categorization has changed over time, and some of these changes resemble how Wittgenstein's views changed from his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to his Philosophical Investigations. Wittgenstein initially focused on unambiguous, abstract, parsimonious, logical propositions and rules, and on independent, s...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.03.012
更新日期:2004-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Psychological distance to reward, or the segmentation effect, refers to the preference for a terminal link of a concurrent-chains schedule consisting of a simple reinforcement schedule (e.g. fixed interval [FI] 30s) relative to its chained-schedule counterpart (e.g. chained FI 15s FI 15s). This experiment was conducte...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.003
更新日期:2004-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::This study tested the use of ventilatory frequency (VF) as an indicator of stress in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Firstly, we tested the relationship between VF and plasma cortisol after confinement. Confined fish showed higher VF and plasma cortisol levels, but the latter continued to increase signif...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.001
更新日期:2004-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::The use of animal-like autonomous robots might offer new possibilities in the study of animal interactions, if the subject recognises it as a social partner. In this paper we investigate whether AIBO, a dog-like robot of the Sony Corp. can be used for this purpose. Twenty-four adult and sixteen 4-5 months old pet dogs...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2003.10.003
更新日期:2004-03-31 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of anesthesia (Ketaset-Rompun) interpolated between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during long-trace taste-aversion conditioning in rats was examined in three experiments. In Experiment 1, rats that were anesthetized immediately after experiencing a saccharin solution formed a...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2003.09.001
更新日期:2004-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the use and making of tools to obtain foodstuffs in artificial-mound holes by five captive, group-living Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii). Three adult orangutans frequently stripped leaves and twigs from a branch provided (tool-making), and then inserted the tool into a hole to ob...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2003.07.002
更新日期:2004-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::For drug-dependent individuals, drugs of abuse that are delayed in time are discounted more steeply than money delayed in time in a hypothetical choice task. The reasons for this finding are not clear. This study examined whether steep discounting of drugs relative to money might be related to the function of drugs as...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00145-1
更新日期:2003-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila is by far the most advanced model to understand the complex biochemical interactions upon which circadian clocks rely. Most of the genes that have been characterized so far were isolated through genetic screens using the locomotor activity rhythms of the adults as a circadian output. In addition, new techni...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00133-5
更新日期:2003-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the use of extramaze and intramaze cues on the eight-arm radial maze. The rats received daily training consisting of forced-choice visits to four baited arms, a retention interval, and the availability of all eight arms with baits available at arms that did not appear in the forced-choice phase. The ra...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00125-6
更新日期:2003-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated whether rats' responding for liquid-sucrose reinforcement delivered by a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule would be altered by the addition of food-pellet reinforcement available subsequent to the PR schedule. In Experiment 1, six rats lever pressed for 1% sucrose reinforcers delivered by ...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00033-0
更新日期:2003-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR) attempts to integrate the empirical laws of reinforcement schedules that have accumulated over the decades. MPR is based on three principles: incentives excite behavior; there are temporal constraints on responding; and coupling of responses to reinforcers strengthens beh...
journal_title:Behavioural processes
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00027-5
更新日期:2003-04-28 00:00:00